The study of pegmatites is essential for understanding the processes of magma evolution and their geochemical signatures. The Cape Coast Basin, located in southern Ghana, is notable for numerous pegmatite deposits with varying rare element mineralisation potentials from barren to fertile to mineralised pegmatites. The study focuses on classifying the pegmatites in the Biriwa-Afrangua-Abonko-Ewoyaa fields using bulk geochemistry and understanding their evolution, as well as the possible role of magmatic and/or hydrothermal processes in the mineralisation of rare elements. Textural characteristics, major oxide and trace element concentrations of micas and Nb-Ta oxides were investigated using SEM-EDS, optical microscopy, EMPA and LA-ICP-MS. Bulk geochemical data indicate that the pegmatites are peraluminous and show similar patterns for the distributions of REE, LILE, and HFSE. From barren to fertile to mineralised pegmatites, the degree of evolution, magmatic differentiation and rare element contents increase progressively. Microprobe analyses of micas reveal their composition as pure muscovite and phengite. The textural feature of primary muscovite and the intergrowth of Nb-Ta oxides with primary silicates are indications of their magmatic origin. The Mn/(Mn+Fe) and Ta/(Ta+Nb) values in Nb-Ta oxides range from 0.25-0.45 and 0.12-0.67, respectively and show an evolutionary trend from ferrocolumbite to ferrotantalite. The distinctly lower contents of Nb, Ta, Cs and Li of fine, greisen-type muscovite in the mineralised pegmatites indicate the presence of hydrothermal fluid that existed with the late residual melt during pegmatite formation. These textural and chemical variations in micas and Nb-Ta oxides linked to magmatic and hydrothermal processes prove to be useful petrogenetic markers for pegmatite evolution and control the mineralisation of rare elements.